History of the Gospels

INTRO TO THE NEW TESTAMENT

Synthetic approach: an overview of the Bible as a whole to provide a grasp of the overall message

Having an overview helps us understand the details in our personal study time

Review key terms, verses, people, events, themes and/or purposes of each book along with brief description of the content.

New Testament – diaqhkh (Greek), testamentum: (Latin)

Means will or covenant

New Testament Covenant:

New arrangement made by one party into which others could enter if they accepted the covenant.

It designates a new relationship into which men may be received by God.

Jeremiah 31:31, instituted by Jesus 1 Cor 11:25

Describes the new arrangement of God with men from every tribe and tongue and people and nation who will accept salvation on the basis of faith in Christ

Old Testament | New Testament

Record of God’s dealings with the Israelites on the basis of the Mosaic Covenant given at Mount Sinai / / Revealed the holiness of God in the righteous standard of the law and promised a coming Redeemer / / / / / Preparation for the coming of Christ. Anticipated new covenant: Jer 31:31- | New arrangement made by one party into which others could enter if they accepted the covenant / / Describes the new arrangement of God with men from every tribe and tongue and people and nation who will accept salvation on the basis of faith in Christ / Shows the holiness of God in His righteous Son / / Focuses on: (1) The Person who gave Himself for the remission of sins (Matt 2:28) (2) the people [the church] who have received His salvation

COMPOSITION & ARRANGEMENT | COMPOSITION & ARRANGEMENT | COMPOSITION & ARRANGEMENT

Historic (5) / (60% of NT) | The Gospels: (46% of NT) / Matthew, Mark, Luke, John | Manifestation: / Telling the story of the coming of the Savior and His person and work.

| Acts: / The Acts of the Holy Spirit through the apostles | Propagation: / Proclaiming the message of the Savior who has come.

Epistles (21) | Epistles: / Letters to churches and individuals. / Romans through Jude | Explanation: / Developing the full significance of the person and work of Christ and how this should affect the walk of the Christian in the world.

Prophetic (1) | Revelation / The apocalypse of the Lord Jesus Christ | Consummation: / Anticipating the end time events and the return of the Lord, His end time reign, and the eternal state.

The Standard for books included:

1. Was the book written or approved by an apostle?

2. Were its contents of a spiritual nature?

3. Did it give evidence of being inspired by God?

4. Was it widely received by the churches?

It was a 350 Year process; the Council of Carthage (AD 397) certified the canon

HISTORY OF THE GOSPELS

The New Testament is composed of twenty-seven books written by nine different authors. Based on their literary characteristics, they are often classified into three major groups—

Historic (five books, the Gospels and Acts)

Gospels: Record the life of Christ. Christianity is based on historical facts. This is inherent in the very nature of the gospel. Christianity is the message of the gospel (good news, information derived from the witness of others). It is history, the testimony of historical facts.

Acts: gives the historical account of the extension of the gospel message from Jerusalem, into Judea and Samaria, and to the farthest parts of the earth, into the Gentile world. It begins:

1:1 I wrote the former account (the Gospel of Luke), Theophilus, about all that Jesus began to do and teach 1:2 until the day he was taken up to heaven, after he had given orders by the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen. 1:3 After his suffering he had also presented himself alive to these apostles by many convincing proofs. He was seen by them over a forty-day period and spoke about matters concerning the kingdom of God.

1:8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come on you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the farthest parts of the earth.

Epistles (21 books, Romans through Jude)

The Letters: show the development of the doctrines of the church along with its problems

Prophetic (one book, Revelation).

Revelation: The vision of the second coming.

The order of the New Testament books is logical rather than chronological.

The New Testament, then, is a historical book of the Good News of the living God at work in human history, not just in the past, but in the living present and the future in light of the promises of God.

The Synoptic Gospels. Though each Gospel has its distinct emphasis and purpose, the first three are sometimes referred to as the Synoptic Gospels because they “see together,” that is, they have the same point of view with regard to the life of Christ, agreeing in subject matter and order. Further, they also present the life of Christ in a way that complements the picture given in the Gospel of John. The following show a number of areas that are common to each of the first three Gospels:

The announcement of the Messiah by John the Baptist (Matt. 3, Mark 1, and Luke 3).

The baptism of Jesus (Matt. 3, Mark 1, and Luke 3).

The temptation of Jesus (Matt. 4, Mark 1, and Luke 4).

The teaching and miracles of Jesus (The major portion of each Gospel).

The transfiguration of Jesus (Matt. 17, Mark 9, and Luke 9).

The trial, death, and burial of Jesus (Matt. 26-27, Mark 14-15, Luke 22-23).

The resurrection of Jesus (Matt. 28, Mark 16, Luke 24).

The Purpose and Distinctive Focus of the Four Gospels:

16:13 When Jesus came to the area of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, “Who do people say the Son of Man is?” 16:14 They answered, “Some say John the Baptist, others Elijah, and others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” 16:15 He said to them, “And who do you say that I am?” 16:16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

Ezekiel 1:10: “As for the likeness of their faces, they four had the face of a man, and the face of a lion, on the right side; and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; they four also had the face of an eagle.”

Revelation 4:7-8 7 The first creature was like a lion, the second one was like a bull, the third one had the face of a human, and the fourth was like a flying eagle. 8 Each of the four living creatures had six wings, and their bodies were covered with eyes. Day and night they never stopped singing, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord, the all-powerful God, who was and is and is coming!”

Matthew we see the Messiah-King (the lion): Supreme Strength, Kingship; Sovereign, comes to reign and rule

In Mark we see Jehovah’s Servant (the ox): Lowly Service; Serve and Suffer

In Luke we see the Son of Man (the man): highest intelligence; He comes to share and sympathize.
In John we see the Son of God (the eagle): heavenliness, mystery, Divinity; He comes to reveal and redeem

Wonderful fourfold blending—sovereignty and humility; humanity and deity!

Why are there differences between the Gospels? Different authors, perspectives, backgrounds, audiences, etc.

MATTHEW

AUTHOR:

His original name was Levi, the son of Alphaeus. A Jew.

Matthew worked as a publican collecting taxes in Palestine for the Romans until he was called by the Lord to follow Him (Matt. 9:9, 10; Mark 2:14-15). The author’s frequent use of numbers would be natural for a tax-collector.

Frequent reference to money—more frequent than the other gospel writers in fact. He uses unique monetary terms (drachma in 17:24; stater in 17:25; talent in 18:24, 25) speaks of gold and silver;

Matthew contains the only two parables on talents (chs. 18, 25); and he uses tax-collector-type terminology (“debts” in 6:12 where the Lukan parallel has “sins”); “bankers” (25:27), etc.

Being a tax collector means he would know Aramaic and Greek languages.

His quick response may suggest his heart had already been stirred by the ministry of Jesus.

The author was familiar with geography (2:23), Jewish customs (cf. 1:18-19), Jewish history (he calls Herod Antipas “tetrarch” instead of “king”).

He displays a concern for the OT law (5:17-20) and puts an emphasis on the evangelistic mission to the Jewish nation as well (ch. 10).

Tradition states that he died a martyr death having been slain by a halberd in A.D. 60 in Nabadah, Ethopia.

SETTING: mostly Judea

DATE: A.D. 50s or 60s

AUDIENCE: primarily the Jews

THEME & PURPOSE:

Jesus of Nazareth is their Messiah, the King of the Jews.

With the genealogy of Jesus, Matthew also uses ten fulfillment quotations by which he seeks to show that this Jesus, though rejected and crucified, is the long-awaited Messiah of the Old Testament (Matt. 1:23; 2:15; 2:18; 2:23; 4:15; 8:15; 12:18-21; 13:35; 21:5; 27:9-10). But though rejected by the nation as a whole and crucified, the King left an empty tomb.

Includes genealogy starting with Abraham.

@130 uses OT quotes & allusions

10 times stresses what happened in the life of Jesus fulfills OT scriptures.

Uses the term King of heaven @32 times

OUTLINE:

Matthew naturally falls into nine discernible sections:

I. | The Person and Presentation of the King (1:1-4:25)

II. | The Proclamation or Preaching of the King (5:1-7:29)

III. | The Power of the King (8:1-11:1)

IV. | The Program and Progressive Rejection of the King (11:2-16:12)

V. | The Pedagogy and Preparation of the King’s Disciples (16:13-20:28)

VI. | The Presentation of the King (20:29-23:39)

VII. | The Predictions or Prophecies of the King (24:1-25:46)

VIII. | The Passion or Rejection of the King (26:1-27:66)

IX. | The Proof of the King (28:1-20)

KEY VERSES:

1:20-23. But when he had considered this, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife; for that which has been conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit. 21 And she will bear a Son; and you shall call His name Jesus, for it is He who will save His people from their sins.” 22 Now all this took place that what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet might be fulfilled, saying, 23 “BEHOLD, THE VIRGIN SHALL BE WITH CHILD, AND SHALL BEAR A SON, AND THEY SHALL CALL HIS NAME IMMANUEL,” which translated means, “GOD WITH US.”

16:15-19. He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” 16 And Simon Peter answered and said, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” 17 And Jesus answered and said to him, “Blessed are you, Simon Barjona, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. 18 And I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades shall not overpower it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; and whatever you shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.”

28:18-20. And Jesus came up and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.”

KEY CHAPTERS:

Chapter 1 is key in that it introduces the genealogy and birth of Jesus as son of David, son of Abraham, and as one born by the miraculous work of the Spirit, with Joseph being the legal father by adoption, but not the physical father.

Chapter 12 is key because in this chapter we see the turning point when the religious leaders formally reject Jesus as their Messiah by attributing His miraculous power to Satan. At this point Jesus began to speak in parables to hide truth from the unresponsive. From this point on more time is given to His disciples.

EXCLUSIVE TO MATTHEW:

Incidents. The vision of Joseph (1:20-24); the visit of the wise men/magi (2:1-12); the flight into Egypt (2:13-15); the massacre of the infants (2:16); the death of Judas (27:3-10); the dream of Pilate’s wife (27:19); the resurrection of the saints (27:52); and the bribery of the guards at Jesus’ tomb (28:12-15).

Parables. The tares (13:24-30); the hidden treasure (13:44); the pearl of great price (13:45-46); the drag net (13:47); the unmerciful servant (18:23-24); laborers in the vineyard (20:1-17); the father and two songs (21:28-32); the marriage of the king’s son (22:1-14); the ten virgins (25:1-13); and the talents (25:24-30).

Miracles. The two blind men cured (9:27-31); a dumb spirit case out (9:32-33); and tribute money provided (17:24-27).

The word “church” appears twice: 16:18 referring to universal body of believers;

18:17 local assembly of believers.

Six of Jesus’ sermons detailed

Genealogy includes 5 women (normally only men included): Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, Bathsheba and Mary

Jesus came “not to abolish the law but to fulfill it”, heaven and earth will not pass away until every bit of the law is accomplished (Matt 5:17-18)

Fulfilled Prophecies:

The virgin birth (1:22-23; Isaiah 7:14)

The birth of Jesus in Bethlehem (2:5-6; Micah 5:2)

The flight to Egypt (2:15; Hosea 11:1)

The massacre of the infants (2:17-18; Jeremiah 31:15)

John the Baptist (3:3; Isaiah 40:3)

The ministry in Galilee (4:12-16; Isaiah 9:1-2)

Miraculous healings (8:16-17; Isaiah 53:4)

Jesus and the multitudes (12:1-21; Isaiah 42:1-4)

Teaching in parables (13:34-35; Psalm 78:2; Isaiah 6:9-10)

The triumphal entry (21:1-5; Zechariah 9:9)

The scattering of the disciples (26:31; Zechariah 13:7)

The thirty pieces of silver (27:9-10; Jeremiah 32:6-9)

The division of Jesus’ garments (7:35; Psalm 22:18)

The forsaking on the cross (27:46; Psalm 22:1)

MARK

AUTHOR:

John Mark, Latin surname (Mark)

Not one of the original disciples of Christ,

the son of Mary, a woman of wealth and position in Jerusalem (Acts 12:12),

Companion of Peter (1 Pet. 5:13) Peter spoke of him as “Mark, my son,” (1 Pet. 5:13), Peter may have been the one who led Mark to Christ.

Cousin of Barnabas (Col. 4:10). These associations, especially his association with Peter who was evidently Mark’s source of information, gave apostolic authority to Mark’s Gospel.

Companion of Paul: accompanied Paul and Barnabas on their 1st missionary journey, but failed to stay through the entire journey. Paul refused to take him on the 2nd journey, so he went with Barnabus to Cyprus. Years later, Paul sends for Mark. (Failure doesn’t mean the end).

Likely died by being “dragged to pieces by the people of Alexandria, at the great solemnity of Serapis their idol” (Fox’s Book of Martyrs).

SETTING: Villages close to the Sea of Galilee (Capernaum, surrounding countryside; Garesenes, Tyre, Sidon, Decapolis); Caesarea-Philippi south through Galilee onward to Judea – Jerusalem and Bethany

DATE: A.D. 50s or 60s

AUDIENCE: Romans and Gentiles; a people of action but of few words

THEME & PURPOSE:

Christ the Servant. Focuses on Service & Sacrifice.

Presents Christ as Worker, Servant: focuses on the activity of Jesus effectively going about doing His work

Not focused genealogy, nor on condemnations by religious leaders.

Uses words like: Immediately, so then (occurs 42 times); in due course, then; shortly; suddenly

the shortest of the Gospels, is vivid, active or lively, and presents a very clear eyewitness account, especially of the last week of Jesus’ life on earth.

37 percent of this Gospel is devoted to the events of His last and most important week.”12

Focuses on ministry of the physical and spiritual needs of others before His own needs.

18 out of 27 parables are included, but over half of Christ’s miracles are included (the highest proportion in the Gospels)

Often explained Jewish words, customs, and places. Used Roman time rather than Hebrew. Translated some words into Latin

Vivid, colorful presentation. Writes in present tense.

KEY VERSES:

8:34-37. Then Jesus called the crowd with his disciples and said to them, “If anyone wants to come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me and the gospel will save it. What advantage is it for someone to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul? What can a person give in exchange for his soul?”

10:43-45. “But it is not this way among you. But whoever wants to be great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first among you must be the slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many.”

Key Chapters:

Chapter 8 forms a key chapter in Mark, much like chapter 12 in Matthew, because here there is a change in both the content and course of the ministry of Jesus. The pivotal event that brings about the change is the confession of Peter, “You are the Christ (the Messiah)” (8:29). This is followed immediately by a warning that they should tell no one, the revelation of His death, the call to discipleship, and the transfiguration.

That faith-inspired response triggers a new phase in both the content and the course of Jesus’ ministry. Until this point He has sought to validate His claims as Messiah. But now He begins to fortify His men for His forthcoming suffering and death at the hands of the religious leaders. Jesus’ steps begin to take Him daily closer to Jerusalem—the place where the Perfect Servant will demonstrate the full extent of His servanthood.20

OUTLINE:

With the theme of the book being that of Christ the Servant. The key verse, 10:45, provides the key for two natural divisions of the Gospel: the Servant’s service (1:1-10:52) and the Servant’s sacrifice (11:1-16:20). We can divide this into five simple sections:

The Preparation of the Servant for Service (1:1-13)

The Preaching of the Servant in Galilee (1:14-9:50)

The Preaching of the Servant in Perea (10:1-52)

The Passion of the Servant in Jerusalem (11:1-15:47)

The Prosperity of the Servant in Resurrection (16:1-20)

EXCLUSIVE TO MARK:

90 % of the content of the book is found in Matthew and Luke, there are very few unique passages.

INCIDENTS: The Flight of the young man (14:51-52)

PARABLES: Growth of the Seed (4:26-29)

MIRACLES: The deaf and dumb man cured (7:31-37) and a blind man cured (8:2-36).

23 references are made to audience reactions to Jesus. Their responses: “amazed,” “critical,” “afraid,” “Puzzled,” “astonished,” “hostile,” etc.

LUKE

AUTHOR: Luke

Greek Physician and historian

Probably the only Gentile

Not an eye witness of the life of Christ

Associate & traveling companion of Paul

Wrote in consecutive order

As befits a doctor, medical details are often introduced in this gospel (Luke 4:38, 5:12, 6:6, 9:39-42, 18:25, 22:44).

SETTING: Jerusalem

AUDIENCE: Theophilus (Luke: Volume I & Acts: Volume II)

1:1-4 Now many have undertaken to compile an account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, 1:2 like the accounts passed on to us by those who were eyewitnesses and servants of the word from the beginning. 1:3 So it seemed good to me as well, because I have followed all things carefully from the beginning, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 1:4 so that you may have certainty regarding the things you were taught.

Several things need to be noticed regarding his approach to presenting the gospel:

Luke states that his own work was stimulated by the work of others (1:1),

that he consulted eyewitnesses (1:2),

and that he sifted and arranged the information (1:3) under the guidance of the Holy Spirit to instruct Theophilus in the historical reliability of the faith (1:4).

This is a carefully researched and documented writing.25

THEME & PURPOSE:

Luke “translates Aramaic terms with Greek words and explains Jewish customs and geography to make his Gospel more intelligible to his original Greek readership.”26

Presents Jesus as the Son of Man, Perfect Man who came to seek and save the lost

So in Jesus we have One who is perfect manhood—physically, mentally, and spiritually.

His physical birth with his genealogy traced all the way back to Adam (3:38) (Matthew goes back only to Abraham).

His mental development is stressed in 2:40-52.

His moral and spiritual perfection is also stressed as evidenced at His baptism by the voice of the Father from heaven and by the anointing of the Holy Spirit.

Stresses the humanity and compassion of Jesus

Women given special attention in this book:

Women contributed monetarily to Christ’s ministry (Luke 8:1-3).

Women observed the crucifixion (Luke 23:49).

Jesus first appeared to women when he was resurrected (Luke 24:1-10). (http://www.lifeofchrist.com/Life/gospels/luke )

KEY VERSES:

1:1-4 Now many have undertaken to compile an account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, 1:2 like the accounts passed on to us by those who were eyewitnesses and servants of the word from the beginning. 1:3 So it seemed good to me as well, because I have followed all things carefully from the beginning, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 1:4 so that you may have certainty regarding the things you were taught.

19:10 For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost.

KEY CHAPTERS:

Chapter 15. In view of the theme stressed in 19:10, the emphasis on ‘seeking’ in the three parables of chapter 15 (the lost sheep, the lost coin, and the lost son) makes this a key chapter in Luke’s Gospel.

OUTLINE:

The Prologue: The Method and Purpose of Writing (1:1-4)

The Identification of the Son of Man with Men (1:1-4)

The Ministry of the Son of Man to Men (4:1-4:13)

The Rejection of the Son of Man by Men (9:51-19:44)

The Suffering of the Son of Man for Men (19:45-23:56)

JOHN

AUTHOR:

Father: Zebedee (a fisherman), Mother: Salome (served Jesus in Galilee and was present at His crucifixion)

Close to Jesus; identified as “the beloved disciple”

Was in the inner circle of 3 disciples: (Peter, James & John)

one of three Christ took with Him to the Mount of Transfiguration

with Jesus at the raising of Jarius’ daughter

Garden of Gethsemane

Present at Calvary, Jesus entrusts his mother to him (19:25-27)

Brother of James. Jesus named James and John “Sons of Thunder”

Was a disciple of John the Baptist prior to Jesus (1:35-40)

Business partners of Peter and Andrew: Fishermen

Associate of Peter

Identified as a “Pillar” of the church after the Resurrection of Christ.

Presented teachings through conversations Jesus had with others.

Wrote 3 epistles and Revelation

The only disciple to die of natural causes

SETTING: mostly Judea and Galilee

DATE: 85-90

AUDIENCE:

Gentile; Christian

THEME & PURPOSE:

20:30 Now Jesus performed many other miraculous signs in the presence of his disciples that are not recorded in this book. 20:31 But these are recorded so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.

Jesus, the Son of God, the one who is the Logos, the very revelation of God (John 1:1, 14, 18). But there are a number of other key words in the presentation of Christ like truth, light, darkness, word, knowledge, believe, abide, love, world, witness, and judgment. The verb believe (Greek, pisteuw) occurs 98 times.

Explained Jewish customs and places in Palestine.

KEY VERSES:

1:11-13. He came to what was his own, but his own people did not receive him. But to all who have received him—those who believe in his name—he has given the right to become God’s children—children not born by human parents or by human desire or a husband’s decision, but by God.

1:14. Now the Word became flesh and took up residence among us. We saw his glory—the glory of the one and only full of grace and truth, who came from the Father.

3:16. For this is the way God loved the world: he gave his one and only Son that everyone who believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.

20:30-31. Now Jesus performed many other miraculous signs in the presence of his disciples that are not recorded in this book. But these are recorded so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.

KEY CHAPTERS:

It is difficult to choose a key chapter in John’s Gospel, but surely the Lord’s conversation with Nicodemus in chapter 3 rates as one of the key chapters. John 3:16 is perhaps quoted more than any other verse in the Bible. Also important in this chapter are the words of the Savior regarding the need to be born again or from above (see 3:3-6).

Other key chapters are John 4, the encounter with the woman at the well, the discourses with the disciples preparing them for His absence, John 13-16, and the Lord’s prayer to the Father in John 17.

OUTLINE:

I. The Prologue: The Incarnation of the Son of God (1:1-18)

A. The Deity of Christ (1:1-2)

B. The Preincarnate Work of Christ (1:3-5)

C. The Forerunner of Christ (1:6-8)

D. The Rejection of Christ (1:9-11)

E. The Acceptance of Christ (1:12-13)

F. The Incarnation of Christ (1:14-18)

II. The Presentation of the Son of God (1:19-4:54)

A. By John the Baptist (1:19-34)

B. To John’s Disciples (1:35-51)

C. At the Wedding in Cana (2:1-11)

D. At the Temple in Jerusalem (2:12-35)

E. To Nicodemus (3:1-21)

F. By John the Baptist (3:22-36)

G. To the Samaritan Woman (4:1-42)

H. To an Official of Capernaum (4:43-54)

III. The Opposition to the Son of God (5:1-12:50)

A. At the Feast in Jerusalem (5:1-47)

B. During the Time of the Passover in Galilee (6:1-71)

C. At the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem (7:1-10:21)

D. At the Feast of Dedication in Jerusalem (10:22-42)

E. At Bethany (11:1-12:11)

F. At Jerusalem (12:12-50)

IV. The Instruction by the Son of God (13:1-16:33)

A. Concerning Forgiveness (13:1-20)

B. Concerning His Betrayal (13:21-30)

C. Concerning His Departure (13:31-38)

D. Concerning Heaven (14:1-14)

E. Concerning the Holy Spirit (14:15-26)

F. Concerning Peace (14:27-31)

G. Concerning Fruitfulness (15:1-17)

H. Concerning the World (15:18-16:6)

I. Concerning the Holy Spirit (16:7-15)

J. Concerning His Return (16:16-33)

V. The Intercession of the Son of God (17:1-26)

VI. The Crucifixion of the Son of God (18:1-19:42)

VII. The Resurrection of the Son of God (20:1-31)

A. The Empty Tomb (20:1-9)

B. The Appearances of the Risen Lord (20:10-31)

VIII. The Epilogue: The Appearance by the Lake (21:1-25)

A. The Appearance to the Seven Disciples (21:1-14)

B. The Words to Peter (21:15-23)

C. The Conclusion of the Gospel (21:24-25)

EXCLUSIVE TO JOHN:

Over 90% of the content is exclusive.

PARABLES: None included

MIRACLES:

5 out of 7 miracles unique to John.

Turning of water into wine (2:2-11)

The healing of the nobleman’s son (4:46-54)

The healing of the impotent man (5:1-15)

The healing of the blind man (9:1-41)

Raising of Lazarus from the dead (11:1-44)

THE DEITY OF JESUS: I AM –

The bread of life (6:35)

The light of the world (8:12, 9:5)

The Gate (10:9)

The Good Shepherd (10:11)

The Resurrection and Life (11:25)

The Way, the Truth and the Life (14:6)

The True Vine (15:1)

Before Abraham was, I AM (8:58)