CLF - Old Testament Prophets & Messianic Prophesies

CLF - Old Testament Survey (The Prophets & Messianic Prophesies) Teaching Notes

The two Kingdoms of Israel split under the leadership of Rehoboam and Jeroboam.

Rehoboam – Became King over Judah (Southern Kingdoms)

Jeroboam – Became king over Israel (Ephriam)- Northern Kingdoms

There were 20 kings that served the Northern Kingdom – None of them were righteous

The Kingdom began from the death of Solomon to the Fall of Israel to Samaria.

During these kings reigns several Prophets ministered to the Nation for God.

Kings of Israel Prophets of Northern Kingdom- Israel

1. Jeroboam I 11. Jehu 1. Elijah – 1 Kings 17

2. Nadab 12. Jehoahaz 2. Elisha – 1 Kings 19

3. Baasha 13. Jehoash 3. Micaiah – 1 Kings 22:17

4. Elah 14. Jeroboam 2 4. Jonah – Book of Jonah

5. Zimri 15. Zechariah 5. Amos - Book of Amos

6. Zibni 16. Shallum 6. Hosea – Book of Hosea

7. Omri 17. Menaham

8. Ahab 18. Pekahiah

9. Ahaziah (Uzziah) 19. Pekah

10. Jehoram (Joram) 20. Hosea

Jonah and his ministry (The Book of Jonah)

Author: is unknown

Jonah is one of the first prophets whose story or book was written.

He is listed with the minor prophets’ books of the bible (32nd book of the OT)

Jonah was a Galilean from Nazareth

The book of Jonah has no direct message to Israel but is a symbolic rebuke to the Jews against racism

His ministry was solely to the 10 tribes of the nation Israel

Amos - (The book of Amos) – Burden Bearer

Author: Amos himself

Amos lived in a small town called Tekoa about 6 miles from Bethlehem.

Amos was a Sheepherder (7:14).

Amos prophesied the same time as Hosea

Amos prophesied during King Uzziah’s Reign and the latter part of King Jeroboam 2nds reign approximately 60-80 years before the captivity of Israel.

Amos prophesied mostly from Bethel during his life - the center of worship in Israel

Hosea – The book of Hosea – (Salvation)

Author: Hosea

Hosea was from the northern tribes of Israel

First Minor prophet book of the OT – Called Minor Prophets not because of content but the size of writing about the prophet.

Prophesied the same time as Amos + Isaiah and Micah in Judah.

Prophesied in Israel for almost 60 years. – The longest of all the prophets

The Prophets of the Southern Kingdom of Judah

Pre-Exile Prophets Exile Prophets Post Exile Prophets

Isaiah 1. Daniel (1st Captivity) 1. Haggai

Micah 2. Ezekiel (2nd Captivity) 2. Zechariah

Obadiah 3. Lamentations of Jeremiah 3. Joel

Nahum 4. Malachi

Zephaniah

Habakkuk

Jeremiah

The Contemporary Prophets of Judah: This is a general list of the prophets who were alive and Ministering at the same time frames in Judah or Babylon

(Warnings of approaching fall of Israel & Judah)

1. Isaiah

2. Micah

(Warnings of Judah’s destruction - attack of Babylonian Empire)

1. Obadiah

2. Zephaniah

3. Nahum

4. Habakkuk

5. Jeremiah

(Prophesying to the Jews In Babylon after 1,2,3 Captivities)

1. Daniel

2. Ezekiel

3. Jeremiah (book of Lamentations sent to the Babylonian Jews)

(Restoration and rebuilding of Jerusalem)

1. Haggia

2. Zechariah

3. Malachi

Isaiah – Major prophet – Messianic Prophet

Prophesied Israel’s captivity to The Babylonians.

Isaiah Prophesied to Both Kingdoms of Israel and Judah

Micah – Minor Prophet - Name means Who is Like Jehovah

Author of the Book of Micah - Micah

Micah was born in small village named Morsheth-Gath about 20 miles south of Jerusalem.

Micah Prophesied directly to Israel (Samaria) & Judah (Jerusalem). Most of his prophecies were directed towards Judah

Unlike Isaiah who prophesied to the political + National matters of the nation Micah is known as “the Peoples Prophet” because he directed the majority of his prophesies towards the mistreatment of the poor

Micah is known, as a small Version of the book of Isaiah because of its content.

Prophesied mostly during Hezekiah’s Reign in Judah. (Jeremiah 26:19)

Jeremiah – The weeping prophet - Name means Established of The Lord

Jeremiah is Known as being the (Major Prophet) of Judah’s Darkest Hour

We know more about the personality of Jeremiah than any other Prophet

Jeremiah Prophesied in Judah between (40-50 years). Trying to win Judah back to repentance.

He Prophesied during 4 kings reigns of Judah

King Josiah

King Jehoiakim

King Jehoiakin

King Zedekiah

Nahum– Name means Consolation - (Minor Prophet)

Author of the Book of Nahum: Nahum

Nahum lived in a small town known as Eklosh- it is believed to have been around Galilee

Not much is known personally about Nahum. He prophesied during three Kings of Judah’s reigns

King Manasseh

King Amon

King Josiah

It had been 150 years since Jonah had went to Nineveh (which was the capitol of the Assyrian nation) and preached repentance to them. They had responded in Jonah’s day and God withheld their destruction. But now God was angry with the Assyrians for their ungodliness

Nahum Prophecies the destruction of Nineveh and the Assyrians to the Babylonians in his book. These event a cure in 612 BC

Zephaniah – Minor Prophet – Hidden by Jehovah

Zephaniah was a relative to the king Hezekiah (Great-Great Grandson)

Zephaniah lived in Jerusalem and was one of the only Prophets of Royal Blood.

Zephaniah prophesied Judgment on Both Judah and Jerusalem

Prophesied during Josiah’s reign and helped with reformation under Josiah’s reign when he was rebuilding the temple and tearing down the alters of Baal built by King Manasseh.

Prophesied just after Isaiah, Micah and Nahum and in the beginning years of Jeremiah

Habakkuk – Minor Prophet – name means to Embrace

Author of the book of Habakkuk

Habakkuk’s message is very clear in his prophecies:

God is Holy and cannot look with approval on Sin

Habakkuk was a Judean prophet with a Levitical background in the worship of the temple

Habakkuk prophesied during the reigns of three of Judah’s Kings

King Jehoahaz

King Josiah

King Jehoiakim

Obadiah – Minor Prophet – name means Worshiper or Servant

Author of the Book of Obadiah: Obadiah

Obadiah is the shortest book of all the Old Testament books.

Obadiah is often referred to as the prophet of Judah.

Obadiah is often placed under King Jehoram’s reign in the 9th century but Modern Scholars place him in the 6th century just after the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians during the reign of King Zedekiah.

There was a great conflict in the days of Obadiah with land of Edom. Edom was a descendant of Esau where Judah was a descendant of Jacob. The conflict had been long standing since the Days of Isaac and the conflict between the two brothers.

Obadiah prophesied against the land of Edom and tells of her judgments.

Daniel – Major Prophet – Name means God is my Judge

Daniel was growing up in Jerusalem as a young boy during the days of King Jehoiakim. While he was still young Jeremiah was prophesying against Judah and the king to repent. Daniel would have grown up in the shadow of Jeremiah, Nahum, Zephaniah, and Habakkuk.

Portrait of Daniel

Daniel was taken to Babylon by King Nebuchadezzar in the 1st Captivity of Jerusalem. He was from the tribe of Judah

Daniel received his call as a prophet once in Babylon.

Daniel did not preach his messages like the other prophets of his day but had a rare gift to be able to interpret dreams and saw lots of visions.

Once in Babylon Daniel excelled in favor with the Gentiles kings to the highest places in the kingdom.

King Nebuchadnezzar

King Beshazarr

King Darius

King Cyrus

Daniel was in Babylon 8 years before Ezekiel was taken in the 2nd captivity under King Jehoiakin’s reign

Ezekiel – Major Prophet – Prophet of the Exile

Author of the book - Ezekiel.

Ezekiel like Jeremiah was a priest as well as a prophet:

Ezekiel like Daniel was carried away into Babylon through one of the sieges on Jerusalem.

Ezekiel 8 years after Daniel had been taken was living in Jerusalem under the rule of King Jehoiakin. After his rebellion against Babylon Ezekiel was taken with the 10,000 men taken in this siege back to Babylon. About 10 years before the final destruction of Jerusalem under Zedekiah’s Reign

Ezekiel received his calling to be a prophet while in Babylon three years after he arrived.

Ezekiel like Jeremiah had a strong message against person Sins. He prophesied the person responsibilities of individual sin (Ezek 3:18)

He prophesied in Babylon his entire ministry that began about 7 years before the destruction of Jerusalem and ended about 15 years after the event.

Lamentations – Jeremiah’s thoughts to Babylonian Jews = In the Septuagint is titled – “Tears of Jeremiah”

The Book of Lamentations was written by: Jeremiah

It is an ad on to the book of Jeremiah. It covers the emotions and thoughts of the heart-Broken sorrow of Jeremiah for the desolation of Jerusalem

In the Book of Lamentations Christ can be seen as:

1:12 Afflicted of the Lord

2:15 Despised of his enemies

3:19 Smitten +insulted

Haggai – Minor Prophet – name means Festival

Haggai is the author of the book of Haggai

Haggai lived during the time of the prophets Zechariah and Zerubbabel the governor in the days of King Cyrus and Nehemiah and Ezra

King Cyrus had released the Jews from Babylon after the Persians had conquered the Babylonian Empire. Cyrus had released the Jews under the care of Zerubbabel to rebuild the temple. After two years of hardship and persecution by surrounding bands of men. The temple process laid dormant for 16 years. After this time Ezra came and began to envision the people to rebuild again in the days of King Darius and Nehemiah

Haggai at this time rose up as a prophet in Jerusalem to inspire the people to build the temple

Zechariah – Minor Prophet

Author of the book - Zechariah

Zechariah prophesied in Jerusalem the same time as Malachi and Haggai. Israel had returned from captivity under the rule of the Persians Kings Cyrus and Darius. God was wanting to rebuild the temple and city walls through the lives of Ezra and Nehemiah and the people of Jerusalem. Zechariah stirred that hearts of the Jews through very pictorial prophecies and relating building the house of God to a spiritual work not just natural.

Zechariah was the son Iddo the priest – probably born in Babylon.

Began his prophetic Ministry very young in captivity.

Zechariah prophesied to the remnant Jews that had returned from Babylon.

He began to envision the Jews by his inspirational Messages pointing towards the coming Messiah.

Zechariah encouraged the Jews by making the building process a spiritual process (Zech 4:6) – “It’s not by power nor by might but by My Spirit says the Lord.”

Zechariah encouraged the Jews that small beginnings show greater things to come. The reason for this is after the temple was rebuild the people were discouraged because it was so small compared to Solomon’s Temple that the Babylonians had destroyed under the Rule of King Zedekiah in the 3rd Captivity of Jerusalem

Zechariah next to the prophet Isaiah is considered the Most important Messianic Prophet of the Old Testament. He prophesied with such clear portraits of Christ and certain events of his life.

Zech 9:9-10 The entrance into Jerusalem on Good Friday

Zech 11: 12 Christ betrayal by Judas for thirty pieces of silver

Zech 12:10 The Piercing of Jesus Side at the death of Christ

Zech 13:1 The shedding of Blood for the forgiveness of Sins

Zech 13:6 The Nail scars in Jesus Hands

Zech 13:7 The scattering of the Disciples

Zech 14:4 The second Coming of Christ Jesus

Malachi – Minor Prophet – Last Prophetic book of the OT

Author of the Book of Malachi

Malachi is also the last of the 12 Minor Prophet books.

Ministered about 100 Years after the Prophets Haggai and Zechariah

Lived in Ezra & Nehemiah time frames and is the last prophetic voice of the Old Testament before 400 years of Silence from God.

Joel – Minor Prophet – Prophet of Pentecost

The exact time of the Prophet Joel and his prophetic ministry is unknown

Joel sees in the trials of the day the symbolism of the Great Day of the Lord.

He Prophesied in the similar language as Zephaniah had, he uses the coming of the Lord as a tool to call Israel to Repentance.

Joel is Famous for his future outpouring prophecies and end time events

Messianic Prophecies

The seed of the woman

Gen 3:15 And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her Seed; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise His heel.”

Gal 4:4 But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law,

The seed of Abraham

Gen 12:3 I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who curses you; and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.”

Gal 3:16 Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made. He does not say, “And to seeds,” as of many, but as of one, “And to your Seed,” who is Christ.

The Tribe of Judah

Gen 49:10 The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comes; and to Him shall be the obedience of the people.

Matt 1:2 Abraham begot Isaac, Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob begot Judah and his brothers.

The seed of Jacob

Num 24:17-19 “I see Him, but not now; I behold Him, but not near; a Star shall come out of Jacob; a Scepter shall rise out of Israel… Out of Jacob One shall have dominion, and destroy the remains of the city.”

Lk 3:34 the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor,

The seed of David

Ps 132:11 The LORD has sworn in truth to David; he will not turn from it: “I will set upon your throne the fruit of your body.

Jer 23:5-6 “Behold, the days are coming,” says the LORD, “That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; a King shall reign and prosper, and execute judgment and righteousness in the earth. In His days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely; now this is His name by which He will be called: THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.

Rom 1:3 concerning His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh,

A prophet like Moses

Deut 18:15-19 “The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren. Him you shall hear… `I will raise up for them a Prophet like you from among their brethren, and will put My words in His mouth, and He shall speak to them all that I command Him. `And it shall be that whoever will not hear My words, which He speaks in My name, I will require it of him.

Jn 6:14 Then those men, when they had seen the sign that Jesus did, said, “This is truly the Prophet who is to come into the world.”

The Son of God

Ps 2:7 “I will declare the decree: the LORD has said to Me, `You are My Son, today I have begotten You.

Prov 30:4 Who has ascended into heaven, or descended? Who has gathered the wind in His fists? Who has bound the waters in a garment? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is His name, and what is His Son’s name, if you know?

Matt 3:17 And suddenly a voice came from heaven, saying, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.”

Resurrected from the dead

Ps 16:10 For You will not leave my soul in Sheol, nor will You allow Your Holy One to see corruption.

Acts 13:35-37 “Therefore He also says in another Psalm: `You will not allow Your Holy One to see corruption.’ “For David, after he had served his own generation by the will of God, fell asleep, was buried with his fathers, and saw corruption; “but He whom God raised up saw no corruption.

Betrayed by a friend

Ps 41:9 Even my own familiar friend in whom I trusted, who ate my bread, has lifted up his heel against me.

Matt 26:48-49 Now His betrayer had given them a sign, saying, “Whomever I kiss, He is the One; seize Him.” Immediately he went up to Jesus and said, “Greetings, Rabbi!” and kissed Him.

Ascend into Heaven

Ps 68:18 You have ascended on high, you have led captivity captive; you have received gifts among men, even from the rebellious, that the LORD God might dwell there.

Acts 1:9 Now when He had spoken these things, while they watched, He was taken up, and a cloud received Him out of their sight.

A priest like Melchizedek

Ps 110:4 The LORD has sworn and will not relent, “You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek.”

Heb 5:5-6 So also Christ did not glorify Himself to become High Priest, but it was He who said to Him: “You are My Son, today I have begotten You.” As He also says in another place: “You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek”

Seated at the right hand of God

Ps 110:1 The LORD said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool.”

Matt 26:64 Jesus said to him, “It is as you said. Nevertheless, I say to you, hereafter you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven.”

The rejected stone to become the chief cornerstone

Ps 118:22-23 The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. This was the LORD’S doing; it is marvelous in our eyes.

Is 28:16 Therefore thus says the Lord GOD: “Behold, I lay in Zion a stone for a foundation, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation; whoever believes will not act hastily.

Matt 21:42-43 Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures: `The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. This was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes’? “Therefore I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a nation bearing the fruits of it.

Born of a Virgin

Is 7:14 “Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel.

Lk 1:34-35 Then Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, since I do not know a man?” And the angel answered and said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Highest will overshadow you; therefore, also, that Holy One who is to be born will be called the Son of God.

Minister in Galilee

Is 9:1-2 Nevertheless the gloom will not be upon her who is distressed, as when at first He lightly esteemed the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, and afterward more heavily oppressed her, by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in Galilee of the Gentiles. The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in the land of the shadow of death, upon them a light has shined.

Matt 4:13 And leaving Nazareth, He came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is by the sea, in the regions of Zebulun and Naphtali,

Will be meek and humble

Is 42:2-3 He will not cry out, nor raise His voice, nor cause His voice to be heard in the street. A bruised reed He will not break, and smoking flax He will not quench; he will bring forth justice for truth.

Is 53:7 He was oppressed and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth; he was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before its shearers is silent, so He opened not His mouth.

Matt 26:62-63 And the high priest arose and said to Him, “Do You answer nothing? What is it these men testify against You?” But Jesus kept silent….

Bring salvation to the Gentiles

Is 11:10 “And in that day there shall be a Root of Jesse, who shall stand as a banner to the people; for the Gentiles shall seek Him, and His resting place shall be glorious.”

Is 42:1 “Behold! My Servant whom I uphold, my Elect One in whom My soul delights! I have put My Spirit upon Him; he will bring forth justice to the Gentiles.

Is 49:6 Indeed He says, `It is too small a thing that You should be My Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved ones of Israel; I will also give You as a light to the Gentiles, that You should be My salvation to the ends of the earth.’”

Matt 15:21 Then Jesus went out from there and departed to the region of Tyre and Sidon.

Will be beaten

Is 50:6 I gave My back to those who struck Me, and My cheeks to those who plucked out the beard; I did not hide My face from shame and spitting.

Matt 26:67 Then they spat in His face and beat Him; and others struck Him with the palms of their hands,

Will establish a New Covenant

Jer 31:31-33 “Behold, the days are coming, says the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah– “not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the LORD. “But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the LORD: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.

Matt 26:28 “For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.

Will have two missions

Is 61:1-2 “The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon Me, because the LORD has anointed Me to preach good tidings to the poor; he has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound; To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God;

Will perform miracles

Is 35:5-6 Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped. Then the lame shall leap like a deer, and the tongue of the dumb sing. For waters shall burst forth in the wilderness, and streams in the desert.

Jn 11:47 Then the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered a council and said, “What shall we do? For this Man works many signs.

Called Jehovah God

Is 9:6 For unto us a Child is born, unto us a Son is given; and the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

Jn 8:24 “Therefore I said to you that you will die in your sins; for if you do not believe that I Am, you will die in your sins.”

Jn 8:58 Jesus said to them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM.”

Born in Bethlehem

Mic 5:2 “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of you shall come forth to Me the One to be Ruler in Israel, whose goings forth are from of old, from everlasting.”

Lk 2:4-6 Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was, that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered.

Will enter the Temple with authority

Mal 3:1 “Behold, I send My messenger, and he will prepare the way before Me. And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple, even the Messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight. Behold, He is coming,” says the LORD of hosts.

Matt 21:12 Then Jesus went into the temple of God and drove out all those who bought and sold in the temple, and overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who sold doves.

Will enter Jerusalem on a donkey

Zech 9:9 “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King is coming to you; he is just and having salvation, lowly and riding on a donkey, a colt, the foal of a donkey.

Matt 21:2-3 2 saying to them, “Go into the village opposite you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied, and a colt with her. Loose them and bring them to Me. 3 “And if anyone says anything to you, you shall say, `The Lord has need of them,’ and immediately he will send them.”

Will be pierced

Ps 22:16 For dogs have surrounded Me; the congregation of the wicked has enclosed Me. They pierced My hands and My feet;

Zech 12:10 “And I will pour on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem the Spirit of grace and supplication; then they will look on Me whom they have pierced; they will mourn for Him as one mourns for his only son, and grieve for Him as one grieves for a firstborn.

Is 53:5 But He was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement for our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed.

Jn 19:34 one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.

Forsaken by His disciples

Zech 13:7 “Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, against the Man who is My Companion,” says the LORD of hosts. “Strike the Shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered; then I will turn My hand against the little ones.

Matt 26:31 Then Jesus said to them, “All of you will be made to stumble because of Me this night, for it is written: `I will strike the Shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’

Victory over death

Is 25:8 He will swallow up death forever, and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from all faces; the rebuke of His people he will take away from all the earth; for the LORD has spoken.

Heb 2:14 Inasmuch then as the children have partaken of flesh and blood, He Himself likewise shared in the same, that through death He might destroy him who had the power of death, that is, the devil,

Jn 19:30 So when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!” And bowing His head, He gave up His spirit.

The exact time of His death predicted

Dan 9:26 “And after the sixty-two weeks Messiah shall be cut off….